Highlights & Basics
- Cataracts are the most common cause of curable blindness in the world.
- Diagnosis is made by the detection of a decrease in visual acuity that cannot be corrected by refractive correction, and an eye exam that is otherwise normal apart from opacity in the crystalline lens.
- Treatment is with surgery involving an incision into the eye and removal of the opacified crystalline lens. In most cases the cataract is replaced by an artificial lens made of polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic, or silicone.
- If an implant lens is not used, or there is remaining refractive error (e.g., astigmatism that is uncorrected by the implant lens), the patient may need to wear either a contact lens or spectacles to achieve good postoperative vision. Adjunctive procedures may be done at the time of surgery or afterward to correct residual refractive error.
- Over time, some patients develop an opacification of the posterior capsule behind the implant lens. This condition is treated with the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, which creates an opening in the opacified membrane to restore vision.
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History & Exam
Key Factors
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Definition
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Citations
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: cataract in the adult eye. Nov 2021 [internet publication].[Full Text]
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Cataract/anterior segment summary benchmark - 2022. Dec 2022 [internet publication].[Full Text]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Cataracts in adults: management. Oct 2017 [internet publication].[Full Text]
- Hill-RBF 3.0 Calculator
- Ladas Super Formula
- Kane Formula
- Barrett Universal II Formula
- Barrett Toric Calculator
- ASCRS Calculator
- Barrett True-K Formula
- National Eye Institute: facts about cataract
- British Columbia Guidelines: cataracts - treatment of adults: a guide for patients
- Royal College of Ophthalmologists, UK: understanding cataracts
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